Beyond the Horizon: the Detroit Observatory’s Early Women Astronomers

"A deep interest in astronomical phenomena must be combined with long years of exacting study to achieve success in this field." -1949 Women's Bureau in The Outlook for Women in Astronomy

"Among scientists trained at the graduate level including engineers with Ph. D.'s, women form about 5 percent of the total"-1949 Women's Bureau in The Outlook for Women in Astronomy

In the years before the war, doctorates in astronomy were rare, an annual average of only eight doctorate degrees having been awarded to men and women combined. Probably less than 10 women received the doctorate in astronomy in the decade preceding the war.-1949 Women's Bureau in The Outlook for Women in Astronomy

In spite of relatively low salaries, women, like the men, appeared to gain satisfaction from the contribution they were making to the advancement of their science and to find their working environment pleasant.-1949 Women's Bureau in The Outlook for Women in Astronomy

As young men were drafted into the armed services, the few highly desirable university assistant jobs in the teaching of astronomy and in research became available to women with advanced degrees.-1949 Women's Bureau in The Outlook for Women in Astronomy